Thomas J. Crowley, MD

Thomas J. Crowley, MD Professor

Thomas J. Crowley, MD

Professor Emeritus

ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS, PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS, AND HONORS

Positions and Employment

1966-1968	U.S. Air Force, Holloman AFB, New Mexico. Laboratory research in primate neurophysiology, concerned with effects of biogenic amine injection and depletion on circadian rhythms of sleep and wakefulness
1968-1969	Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine
1968-1974	Psychiatric Hospital Ward Chief, University of Colorado School of Medicine
1969-1974	Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine
1972-1974	Associate Director of Psychiatric Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine
1974-1979	Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine
1974	Acting Director and Director of Psychiatric Hospital
1976-1979	NIDA-NIAAA Career Teacher in Alcohol and Drug Abuse
1979-1999	Executive Director, Addiction Research and Treatment Service
1980-Present	Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine
1999-Present	Director, Division of Substance Dependence, University of Colorado School of Medicine

Other Experience and Professional Memberships

1971	Diplomate in Psychiatry, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
1971-1989	Medical Center Representative, Colorado State Advisory Council of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
1976-1979	Career Teacher in Alcohol and Drug Abuse (NIDA/NIAAA)
1977	Chairman, Colorado State Advisory Council of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
1977	Fellow, American Psychiatric Association
1977-1979	Vice President, Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse
1977-1980	Associate Editor, Waking and Sleeping
1979-1981	President, Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse
1979-1983	Member, Psychosocial Internal Review Group (Study Section) of NIAAA
1984	Member, Ad Hoc Advisory Committee for Revision of Substance Use Disorders Category in DSM III, APA
1985-1986	Editorial Board Member, Alcohol and Drug Research
1985-1989	Member, National Advisory Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the U.S. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
1988-1994	Member, Board of Directors of College on Problems of Drug Dependence
1989-1994	Member, Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders Work Group for Prep of DSM IV, APA
1990-2000	Editorial Board Member, The American Journal on Addictions
1991	President-Elect, College on Problems of Drug Dependence
1992-1993	President, College on Problems of Drug Dependence
1994-1995	Chairman, Board of Scientific Counselors, NIDA Addiction Research Center
1994-1998	Member, Board of Scientific Counselors, NIDA Addiction Research Center
1995-2003	Member, WHO Expert Advisory Panel on Drug Dependence
1996-Present	Editorial Board Member, Drug and Alcohol Dependence
1997	Consultant to Dutch Govt. on Trial of Heroin for Treating Heroin Addicts
1997	Institute of Medicine of the US Natl. Academy of Science
1998	Member, Inst. of Medicine Committee for Community Drug Abuse Treatment Report
1999	Member, Inst. of Medicine Advisory Panel for Medical Marijuana Report
2002-Present	Faculty Fellow, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Boulder, CO
2004-Present	Editorial Board Member, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
2007-2013	Member, Substance Related Disorders Work Group for Preparation of DSM V, APA
2008-2011	Member, National Institute on Drug Abuse Advisory Council

U.S. Patent 5,490,501; February 13, 1996. Avalanche Victim’s Air-from-Snow Breathing Device

Honors

1992-1999	America’s Best Doctors Database
2000-2005	NIDA, MERIT Award
2005	Marian W. Fischman Award, Dept of Psychiatry, Columbia University

TEACHING ACTIVITIES

Psychiatry 8001, “The Big Six Substance Problems in Primary Care Medicine”. Crowley supervises this 2-4 week full-time elective for 4^th year medical students (about 4-6 per year). Students visit treatment programs operated by the Division, have extensive tutorial sessions with clinicians in the programs, see patients, participate in case conferences, etc.

Introduction to Substance Dependence. Crowley provides two lectures to the 2^nd year medical class, including a live interview with a patient in treatment in the Division’s adolescent service, usually with diagnoses of dependence on several substances plus conduct disorder.

Substance Dependence Treatment. Crowley organizes, and gives several lectures in, the department’s 10-hour lecture series for residents on the treatment of substance dependence. Several other members of the Division faculty also lecture in this very well-received series.

Lyon-Voorhees Endowed Lecture. Crowley organizes this annual endowed lecture to the department. Many leading substance-dependence researchers have responded to his invitations to lecture. The 2008 lecturer was Dr. Tom McLellan, now Deputy “Drug Czar” in the White House. The 2009 lecturer was Dr. Howard Edenburg, Director of NIAAA’s Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. The 2010 lecturer was Dr. George Koob of the Scripps Institute.

Supervision of Junior Faculty and Post-Doctoral Fellows. Over the years Crowley has been primary mentor to Drs. Riggs, Hopfer, and Sakai as they worked on their NIDA K-awards. He was a secondary mentor to Dr. Jody Tanabe, a radiologist with a NIDA K-award. He recently provided post-doctoral supervision to Dr. Heather Gelhorn.

CLINICAL ACTIVITIES

Although he is a licensed physician, and although his clinical research of course involves a doctor-patient relationship with each subject, Crowley has not directly treated patients for some years. This is because his research and administrative duties seriously interfere with the obligations of conducting treatment. However, Crowley does provide clinical consultation and supervision to the treatment staff of the Division’s adolescent treatment programs.

GRANTS AND CONTRACTS

Current Research Support

2P60 DA 011015-12 (Hewitt) 08/01/1997-02/28/2014

NIH/NIDA

Center on Antisocial Drug Dependence: The Genetics of HIV Risk Behaviors- Crowley, Co-Director

Core A: Administrative, Educational, and Ethics Core- Crowley, Co-PI,

Comp. 3: A Neurogenetic Basis for Risky Hiv-Related Decisions- Crowley, PI,

Center representing the University of Colorado’s Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Division of Substance Dependence and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. This center conducts research in antisocial drug dependence, human behavioral genetics and HIV Risk Behaviors.

5R01 DA009842-15 (Crowley) 09/05/2006-04/30/2011 (MERIT Award in yrs 6-10)

NIH/NIDA

Substance Dependent Adolescents: Imaging Risk-Taking

The objective of this research is to better understand whether substances diminish the capacity to inhibit behavior by altering brain processing of risky decisions, or do pre-existing, anatomically-based variations of brain processing produce risk-taking propensities, or both.

1R01 DA027748-01 (Tanabe) 09/01/2009-08/31/2014

NIH/NIDA

Neural Correlates of Avoidance Learning in Substance Abuse

This project, which is based on a negative reinforcement model of drug addiction, will investigate neural correlates of negative reinforcement learning and its relationship to negative affective states in substance dependence.

5 T32 AA 007464-33 (Hoffman) 07/1/2007-06/30/2012 Preceptor

NIH/NIAAA

NIAAA Institutional Postdoctoral Training Grant: Behavioral Pharmacogenetics of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

The major goal of this project is to produce well-trained independent researchers in the area of alcohol effects, alcoholism, and drug abuse.

Publications

Selected from more than 150 peer-reviewed publications

Dalwani, M., Sakai, J. T., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S. K., Tanabe, J., Raymond, K., McWilliams, S. K., Thompson, L., Banich, M. T., Crowley, T. J. (2011, in press). Reduced cortical gray matter volume in male adolescents with substance and conduct problems. Drug and Alcohol Dependence.

Sakai, J. T., Crowley, T. J., Stallings, M. C., McQueen, M., Hewitt, J. K., Hopfer, C., Hoft, N. R., Ehringer, M. A. (2010, submitted). Test of association between 10 SNPs in the oxytocin receptor gene and conduct disorder. Psychiatric Genetics.

Sakai, J. T., Dalwani, M., Gelhorn, H. L., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S. K., Crowley, T. J. (2010, submitted). Assessing self-oriented vs. other-oriented behavior among adolescents with conduct and substance problems. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology.

Boardman, J. D., Blalock, C. L., Corley, R. P., Stallings, M. C., Domingue, B. W., McQueen, M. B., Crowley, T. J., Hewitt, J. K., Lu, Y., Field, S. H. (2010). Ethnicity, Body Mass, and Genome-Wide Data. Biodemography and Social Biology, 56, 123-136.

Crowley, T. J., Dalwani, M. S., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S. K., Du, Y. P., Lejuez, C. W., Raymond, K. M., Banich, M. T. (2010). Risky Decisions and Their Consequences: Neural Processing by Boys with Antisocial Substance Disorder. PLoS ONE, 5(9), e12835

Crowley, T. J., Gelhorn, H. (2010). Antisocial Substance Dependence. In G. Koob, R. F. Thompson and M. Le Moal (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience. (pp. 101-108). Oxford: Elsevier Science.

Sakai, J. T., Stallings, M. C., Crowley, T.J., Gelhorn, J. L., McQueen, M. B., Ehringer, M. A. (2010). Test of association between GABRA2 (SNP rs279871) and adolescent conduct/alcohol use disorders utilizing a sample of clinic referred youth with serious substance and conduct problems, controls and available first degree relatives. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 106, 199-203.

Gelhorn, H., Hartman, C., Sakai, J., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S., Stallings, M., Young, S., Rhee, S. H., Corley, R., Hewitt, J., Hopfer, C., Crowley, T. (2009). An Item Response Theory analysis of DSM-IV Conduct Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 42-50.

Hartman, C. A., Hopfer, C. J., Haberstick, B., Rhee, S. H., Crowley, T. J., Corley, R. P., Hewitt, J. K., Ehringer, M. A. (2009). The association between cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) and cannabis dependence symptoms in adolescents and young adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 104, 11-16.

Palmer, R. H., Young, S. E., Hopfer, C. J., Corley, R. P., Stallings, M. C., Crowley, T. J., Hewitt, J. K. (2009). Developmental epidemiology of drug use and abuse in adolescence and young adulthood: Evidence of generalized risk. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 102, 78-87.

Sakai, J. T., Crowley, T. J. (2009). Inhalant Related Disorders. In B. J. Sadock, V. A. Sadock, & P. Ruiz (Eds.), The Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th ed. (pp. 1341-1352). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.

Tanabe, J., Tregellas, J., Dalwani, M., Thompson, L., Owens, E., Crowley, T., Banich, M. (2009). Medial orbitofrontal cortex gray matter is reduced in abstinent substance dependent individuals. Biological Psychiatry, 65, 160-164.

Coors, M. E., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S. K., Raymond, K. M., Stover, S. K., Tapert, S. F., Brown, S. A., Crowley, T.J. (2008). Directives for retained DNA: preferences of adolescent patients with substance and conduct problems and their siblings. American Journal of Bioethics, 8, 77-79.

Corley, R. P., Zeiger, J. S., Crowley, T.J., Ehringer, M.A., Hewitt, J.K., Hopfer, C.J., Lessem, J., McQueen, M. B., Rhee, S. H., Smolen, A., Stallings, M. C., Young, S. E., Krauter, K. (2008). Association of candidate genes with antisocial drug dependence in adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 96, 90-98.

Gelhorn, H., Hartman, C., Sakai, J., Stallings, M., Young, S., Rhee, S., Corley, R., Hewitt, J., Hopfer, C., Crowley, T. (2008). Toward DSM-V: An Item Response Theory analysis of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence criteria in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 1329-1339.

Hartman, C. A., Gelhorn, H., Crowley, T. J., Sakai, J., Stallings, M. C., Young, S. E., Corley, R., Hewitt, J. K., Hopfer, C.J. (2008). An Item Response Theory analysis of DSM-IV marijuana abuse and dependence criteria in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 165-173.

Schulz-Heik, R. J., Maentz, S. K., Rhee, S. H., Gelhorn, H. L., Young, S. E., Stallings, M. C., Timberlake, D., Smolen, A., Stetler, G. L., Sakai, J. T., Crowley, T. J. (2008). Case-control and within-family tests for an association between conduct disorder and DAT1. Psychiatric Genetics, 18, 17-24.

Tanabe, J., Crowley, T., Hutchison, K., Miller, D., Johnson, G., Du, Y. P., Zerbe, G., Freedman, R. (2008). Ventral striatal blood flow is altered by acute nicotine but not withdrawal from nicotine. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33, 627-633.

Zeiger, J. S., Haberstick, B. C., Schlaepfer, I., Collins, A. C., Corley, R. P., Crowley, T. J., Hewitt, J. K., Hopfer, C. J., Lessem, J., McQueen, M. B., Rhee, S. H., Ehringer, M. A. (2008). The neuronal nicotinic receptor subunit genes (CHRNA6 and CHRNB3) are associated with subjective responses to tobacco. Human Molecular Genetics, 17, 724-734.

Anderson, K. G., Tapert, S. F., Moadab, I., Crowley, T. J., Brown, S. A. (2007). Personality risk profile for conduct disorder and substance use disorders in youth. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 2377-2382.

Banich, M. T., Crowley, T. J., Thompson, L. L., Jacobson, B. J., Liu, X., Raymond, K. M., Claus, E. D. (2007). Brain activation during the Stroop task in adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems: A pilot study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90, 175-182.

Crowley, T. J. (2007). Adolescents and substance related disorders: Research agenda to guide decisions in DSM-V. In J. B. Saunders, M. A. Schuckit, P. J. Sirovatka, & D. A. Regier (Eds.), Diagnostic Issues in Substance Use Disorders: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-V (pp 203-220). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.

Ehringer, M., Clegg, H., Collins, A., Corley, R., Crowley, T., Hewitt, J., Hopfer, C., Krauter, K., Lessem, J., Rhee, S., Schlaepfer, I., Smolen, A., Stallings, M. C., Young, S. E., Zeiger, J. S. (2007). Association of the neuronal nicotinic receptor b2 subunit gene (CHRNB2) w/subjective responses to alcohol & nicotine. Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 144B, 596-604.

Gelhorn, H. L., Sakai, J. T., Price, R. K., Crowley, T. J. (2007). DSM-IV Conduct disorder criteria as predictors of antisocial personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 529-538.

Hopfer, C. J., Lessem, J. M., Hartman, C. A., Stallings, M. C., Cherny, S. S., Corley, R. P., Hewitt, J. K., Krauter, K. S., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S. K., Rhee, S. H., Smolen, A., Young, S. E., Crowley, T. J. (2007). A genome-wide scan for loci influencing adolescent cannabis dependence symptoms: Evidence for linkage on chromosomes 3 and 9. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 89, 34-41.

Sakai, J., Hopfer, C., Hartman, C., Haberstick, B., Smolen, A., Corley, R., Stallings, M., Young, S., Timberlake, D., Hewitt, J., Crowley, T. (2007). Test of association between TaqIA A1 allele & alcohol use disorder phenotypes in a sample of adolescent patients with serious substance & behavioral problems. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88, 130-137.

Schlaepfer, I., Clegg, H. V., Corley, R. P., Crowley, T., Hewitt, J. K., Hopfer, C. J., Krauter, K., Lessem, J., Rhee, S. H., Stallings, M. C., Wehner, J. M., Young, S. E., Ehringer, M. A. (2007). The human protein kinase C-gamma gene (PRKCG) as a susceptibility locus for hyperactive/impulsive behaviors. Addiction Biology, 12, 200-209.

Crowley, T. J. (2006). Adolescents and substance related disorders: Research agenda to guide decisions in DSM-V. Addictions, 101(S1), 115-124.

Education:

University of Minnesota, BA 1960

University of Minnesota Medical School, MD 1962

Honors:

Columbia University's Marian W. Fischman Award

Faculty Fellow, Institute for Behavioral Genetics

National Institute on Drug Abuse Merit Award

Annually included in Best Doctors in America® 1992-2009

College on Problems of Drug Dependence President 1992-1993

Department of Psychiatry

Professor Emeritus

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